There was some civilian ownership in the former Soviet Union, I think mostly professional hunters (game, like Saiga antelope, was harvested to provide protein to the people) and VIPs, but some normal people as well. Last I heard on recent Russian gun laws is that you have to own a smoothbore (shotgun), which can include a pistol grip Saiga with 20 rd drum magazine if thats what you are into, for a certain period of time without any serious issues. If you go like 4 years with the shotgun then you can apply to own a rifle. I am not sure how it works with handguns, but I know they are treated differently from long arms in Russian law. I dont think you are allowed full-autos or anything, but semis are allowed. Again that is the last that I heard a few years ago, I apologize for not having any real specifics.